Recyclage

2006-04-16T16:00:00.000-07:00

Atlas Project/Projet Atlas

2005-10-13T16:02:00.000-07:00

The purpose of this research project was to test if a waste material from the anti-pollution system of a stainless steel company melting department could be recycled in a
ceramic matrix fired c/9½ reduction.
For this purpose we decided to use 30 different glaze base recipies published in
« The Ceramic Spectrum » by Robbin Hopper, page 215 (copyright 1984), under the
heading « Oriental Iron Glazes Cone 8-10 Reduction ».
We used all of the 30 recipies published by Mr.Hopper, but we had to make a few
substitutions when we ran low on a few raw materials.
We used four(4) different levels of this stuff called « Atlas Brown Dust » : 2, 6, 9, 12%.
In the pictures, results are arranged from left to right to show the effects of increasing
amounts, small bottles were used to test these four(4) levels and coffee mugs were also
glazed and fired with samples containing 12% to eventually proceed to metal leaching tests.
As you will see, the results seem excellent and we hope that these will prompt ceramicists to get involved more often in recycling all sorts of waste materials in their glaze and clay
research, and also to seek excellence as citizens.

Atlas Stainless Steels is a maker of stainless products and owns a plant in Tracy, Québec,
where sheets of stainless steel are rolled. This brown dust has the following general
formula:

FE2O3 58%
CR2O3 14%
NIO 5.0%
MNO 7.0%
CAO 7.0%
MGO 6.0%
SIO2 3.0%
TOTAL 100%

This waste material was 170 mesh sieved.

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Le but de ce projet de recherche était de tester si un déchet provenant du
système anti-pollution de l’acierie d'une compagnie d'acier inoxydable pouvait
être recyclé dans une matrice en céramique, cuite en réduction à c/9½.
À cette fin, nous avons décidé d'utiliser 30 recettes de base de glaçures
publiées dans " The Ceramic Spectrum " par Robbin Hopper, à la page 215
(copyright 1984), sous la rubrique " Oriental Iron Glazes for Cone 8-10 Reduction » Nous avons utilisé toutes les 30 recettes publiées par M.Hopper, mais nous
avons dû procéder à quelques substitutions quand certaines matières premières
devinrent manquantes.
Nous avons utilisé quatre (4) niveaux différents de cette substance appelée
" Atlas Brown Dust", soit 2, 6, 9, 12%.
Sur les photos, les résultats sont présentés de gauche à droite pour démontrer les effets des quantités croissantes utilisées; de petites bouteilles ont été utilisées pour tester ces quatre(4) niveaux et des tasses à café ont également été glacées et
mises au feu avec les échantillons contenant 12% de cette poussière pour procéder éventuellement à des tests de lixiviation de métaux. Comme vous le verrez, les résultats semblent excellents et nous espérons que
ceux-ci inciteront les céramistes à s’impliquer davantage dans la recherche
pour recycler des déchets dans leurs glaçures et argiles, et dans la recherche de l'excellence comme citoyens.

Les Aciers Inoxydables Atlas est un fabricant de produits inoxydables et possède
une usine à Tracy, Québec, où de l'acier inoxydable en feuille est fabriquée. Cette poussière brune a la formule générale suivante:

FE2O3 58%
CR2O3 14%
NIO 5.0%
MNO 7.0%
CAO 7.0%
MGO 6.0%
SIO2 3.0%
TOTAL 100%

Cette poussière a été tamisée à 170 mailles.

Edouard Bastarache M .D.
Centre de Recherches Appliquées
du Richelieu-Yamaska
130 St-Nicolas
Sorel
Quebec
J3P 6X9
Canada

Substitutions.Eng

2005-10-13T16:00:00.000-07:00

A few theoritical substitutions for each 1% of the stuff are as follows :

Red Iron Oxide 0.702
Green Chromium Oxide 0.161
Black Nickel Oxide 0.031
Manganese Dioxide 0.046
Dolomite 0.092
Silica 0.014
Total 1.046

OR

Black Iron Oxide 0.637
Green Chromium Oxide 0.163
Black Nickel Oxide 0.032
Manganese Dioxide 0.046
Dolomite 0.092
Silica 0.014
Total 0.984

Substitutions.Fre

2005-10-13T15:57:00.000-07:00

Les substitutions théoriques suivantes peuvent s’appliquer pour chaque 1% de la
substance :

Oxyde de fer rouge 0.702
Oxyde de chrome vert 0.161
Oxyde de nickel noir 0.031
Bioxyde de manganèse 0.046
Dolomie 0.092
Silice 0.014
Total 1.046

OU

Oxyde de fer noir 0.637
Oxyde de chrome vert 0.163
Oxyde de nickel noir 0.032
Bioxyde de manganèse 0.046
Dolomie 0.092
Silice 0.014
Total 0.984

Atlas#1

2005-10-13T15:54:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #1

CORNWALL STONE 25
E.P.KAOLIN 25
WHITING 25
SILICA 25
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .040 AL2O3 ..450 SiO2 3.06
K2O .080
CaO .870
MgO .010
FeO .010

Atlas#2

2005-10-13T15:52:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #2

CORNWALL STONE 40
E.P.KAOLIN 15
WHITING 15
ZINC OXIDE(CALC.) 10
SILICA 20
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .050 AL2O3 .360 SiO2 2.74
K2O .090
CaO .480
MgO .010
FeO .010
ZnO .370

Atlas#3

2005-10-13T15:49:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #3

CORNWALL STONE 40
E.P.KAOLIN 15
WHITING 15
BARIUM CARBONATE 10
SILICA 20
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .060 AL2O3 .460 SiO2 .3.49
K2O .120
CaO .610
MgO .010
FeO .010
BaO .190

Atlas#4

2005-10-13T15:46:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #4

NEPHELINE/SYENITE 18
WHITING 23
DOLOMITE 1
E.P.KAOLIN 32
SILICA 26
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .100 AL2O3 .550 SiO2 .2.95
K2O .040 TiO2 .010
CaO .830
MgO .030
FeO .010

Atlas#5

2005-10-13T15:40:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #5

NEPHELINE/SYENITE 40
WHITING 20
E.P.KAOLIN 15
SILICA 25
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .220 AL2O3 .490 SiO2 3.14
K2O .080
CaO .690
MgO .010
FeO .010

Atlas#6

2005-10-13T15:37:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #6

NEPHELINE/SYENITE 55
ALBANY SLIP 30
SILICA 10
TALC 5
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .370 AL2O3 .680 SiO2 4.28
K2O .150 TiO2 .010
CaO .150
MgO .240
FeO .080

Atlas#7

2005-10-13T15:34:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #7

CORNWALL STONE 50
ALBANY SLIP 20
WHITING 10
GERSTLEY BORATE 10
HARDWOOD ASH(WASHED) 10
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .080 AL2O3 .310 SiO2 2.18
K2O .110 B2O3 .100
CaO .690
MgO .080
FeO .040

Atlas#8

2005-10-13T15:31:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #8

CORNWALL STONE 20
CUSTER SPAR 20
WHITING 10
BONE ASH 10
SILICA 20
E.P.KAOLIN 20
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .070 AL2O3 .520 SiO2 3.56
K2O .140
CaO .760
MgO .020
FeO .010

Atlas#9

2005-10-13T14:54:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #9

CUSTER SPAR 30
DOLOMITE 15
E.P.KAOLIN 20
SILICA 20
BONE ASH 15
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .050 AL2O3 .340 SiO2 2.29
K2O .090
CaO .620
MgO .230
FeO .010

Atlas#10

2005-10-13T14:51:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #10

CUSTER SPAR 45
E.P.KAOLIN 8
WHITING 7
TALC 8
SILICA 20
BONE ASH 12
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .070 AL2O3 .320 SiO2 3.02
K2O .150
CaO .570
MgO .200
FeO .010

Atlas#11

2005-10-13T14:48:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #11

CORNWALL STONE 35
CUSTER 35
E.P.KAOLIN 15
WHITING 15
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .120 AL2O3 .666 SiO2 3.60
K2O .250
CaO .620
MgO .010
FeO .010

Atlas#12

2005-10-13T14:43:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #12

CORNWALL STONE 35
CUSTER 35
ALBANY SLIP 15
WHITING 15
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .110 AL2O3 .460 SiO2 3.24
K2O .220
CaO .600
MgO .040
FeO .040

Atlas#13

2005-10-13T14:39:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #13

CORNWALL STONE 35
SILICA 20
GERSTLEY BORATE 20
E.P.KAOLIN 15
WHITING 10
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .120 AL2O3 .440 SiO2 3.39
K2O .100 B2O3 .310
CaO .700
MgO .070
FeO .010

Atlas#14

2005-10-13T09:26:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #14

CUSTER SPAR 35
SILICA 15
GERSTLEY BORATE 10
WHITING 15
E.P.KAOLIN 25
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .100 AL2O3 .570 SiO2 3.21
K2O .140 B2O3 .150
CaO .710
MgO .040
FeO .010

Atlas#15

2005-10-13T09:22:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #15

CUSTER SPAR 30
SILICA 20
GERSTLEY BORATE 20
E.P.KAOLIN 15
WHITING 15
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .100 AL2O2 .350 SiO2 2.63
K2O .100 B2O3 .260
CaO .720
MgO .060
FeO .010

Atlas#16

2005-10-13T09:18:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #16

CUSTER SPAR 35
SILICA 25
E.P.KAOLIN 15
WHITING 15
TALC 10
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .060 AL2O3 .390 SiO2 3.55
K2O .140
CaO .520
MgO .270
FeO .010

Atlas#17

2005-10-13T09:13:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #17

CUSTER SPAR 50
WHITING 10
ALBANY SLIP 30
GERSTLEY BORATE 10
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .110 AL2O3 .400 SiO2 2.76
K2O .200 B2O3 .130
CaO .530
MgO .090
FeO .060

Atlas#18

2005-10-13T09:05:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #18

CUSTER SPAR 22
WHITING 22
E.P.KAOLIN 22
SILICA 24
TALC 10
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .030 AL2O3 .340 SiO2 2.69
K2O .080
CaO .640
MgO .230
FeO .010

Atlas#19

2005-10-13T09:02:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #19

CUSTER SPAR 30
WHITING 20
E.P.KAOLIN 20
SILICA 20
TALC 10
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .050 AL2O3 .370 SiO2 2.79
K2O .110
CaO .600
MgO .230
FeO .010

Atlas#20

2005-10-13T08:59:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #20

CORNWALL STONE 30
DOLOMITE 10
GERSTLEY BORATE 20
REDART 20
SILICA 20
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .100 AL2O3 .290 SiO2 3.16
K2O .100 B2O3 .270 TiO2 .010
CaO .460
MgO .260
FeO 070

Atlas#21

2005-10-13T08:56:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #21

CUSTER SPAR 40
ALBANY SLIP 15
SILICA 25
WHITING 15
E.P.KAOLIN 5
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .090 AL2O3 410 SiO2 4.05
K2O .180
CaO .640
MgO .040
FeO .040

Atlas#22

2005-10-13T08:53:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #22

NEPHELINE/SYENITE 29.29
SILICA 30.30
ALBANY SLIP 20.20
HARDWOOD ASH(WASHED) 20.20
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .150 AL2O3 .320 SiO2 3.15
K2O .080 TiO2 .010
CaO .630
MgO .090
FeO .050

Atlas#23

2005-10-13T08:50:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #23

CORNWALL STONE 40
SILICA 15
ALBANY SLIP 15
HARDWOOD ASH(WASHED) 30
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .050 AL2O3 .260 SiO2 2.37
K2O .100 TiO2 .010
CaO .740
MgO .080
FeO .030

Atlas#24

2005-10-13T08:47:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #24

NEPHELINE/SYENITE 32.65
E.P.KAOLIN 20.41
WHITING 10.20
HARDWOOD ASH(WASHED) 25.51
SILICA 11.22
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .120 AL2O3 .370 SiO2 1.74
K2O .050
CaO .770
MgO .050
FeO .010

Atlas#25

2005-10-13T08:44:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #25

CORNWALL STONE 30
SILICA 25
GERSTLEY BORATE 15
E.P.KAOLIN 15
WHITING 15
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .090 AL2O3 .380 SiO2 3.24
K2O .080 B2O3 .220
CaO .770
MgO .050
FeO .010

Atlas#26

2005-10-13T08:41:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #26

NEPHELINE/SYENITE 18.18
SILICA 31.31
ALBANY SLIP 25.25
HARDWOOD ASH(WASHED) 25.25
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .090 AL2O3 .250 SiO2 2.73
K2O .060 TiO2 010
CaO .700
MgO .100
FeO .050

Atlas#27

2005-10-13T08:34:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #27

NEPHELINE/SYENITE 22.22
HARDWOOD ASH(WASHED) 30.30
SILICA 37.37
E.P.KAOLIN 10.10
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .100 AL2O3 .290 SiO2 2.77
K2O .050 TiO2 .010
CaO .770
MgO .070
FeO .010

Atlas#28

2005-10-12T21:12:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #28

CUSTER SPAR 38
HARDWOOD ASH(WASHED) 13
SILICA 31
WHITING 16
GERSTLEY BORATE 2
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .060 AL2O3 .200 SiO2 2.70
K2O .120 B2O3 .020
CaO .780
MgO .040
FeO .010

Atlas#29

2005-10-12T21:06:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #29

CUSTER SPAR 31
NEPHELINE/SYENITE 30
HARDWOOD ASH(WASHED) 10
E.P.KAOLIN 2
SILICA 20
WHITING 2
TALC 5
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .220 AL2O3 .470 SiO2 3.86
K2O .180
CaO .420
MgO .160
FeO .010

Atlas#30

2005-10-12T17:12:00.000-07:00

ATLAS #30

CORNWALL STONE 45
SILICA 25
WHITING 15
TALC 5
GERSTLEY BORATE 5
E.P.KAOLIN 5
TOTAL 100

BENTONITE 2
ATLAS BROWN DUST 2, 6, 9, 12

Na2O .080 AL2O3 .330 SiO2 3.69
K2O .110 B2O3 .070
CaO .640
MgO .160
FeO .010